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Spatiotemporal signal propagation in complex networks

Spatiotemporal signal propagation in complex networks A major achievement in the study of complex networks is the realization that diverse systems, from sub-cellular biology to social networks, exhibit universal topological characteristics. Yet, such universality does not naturally translate to the dynamics of these systems, as dynamic behavior cannot be uniquely predicted from topology alone. Rather, it depends on the interplay of the network’s topology with the dynamic mechanisms of interaction between the nodes. Hence, systems with similar structure may exhibit profoundly different dynamic behavior. We therefore seek a general theoretical framework to help us systematically translate topological elements into their predicted dynamic outcome. Here, we offer such a translation in the context of signal propagation, linking the topology of a network to the observed spatiotemporal spread of perturbative signals across it, thus capturing the network’s role in propagating local information
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Types of pheromones

Classification of pheromones According to their effects, pheromones are divided into two main types: releasers and primers. Releasers  ( eng.  releaser ) encourage the individual to take some immediate action; are used to attract mates, signal danger, and prompt other immediate action. Primers ( eng.  primer ) are used to form certain behavior and influence the development of other individuals: for example, a special pheromone secreted by the queen bee and suppresses the sexual development of other female bees, thus turning them into worker bees. As separate names for some types of pheromones, the following can be given: epagons - sexual attractants ; odmihnions - path marks indicating the way to a hole or to found prey, marks on the boundaries of an individual territory; toribones - pheromones of fear and anxiety ; gonophyons - pheromones that induce sex change ; gamophions - pheromones of puberty; etofion - pheromones of behavior; Lichneumons are pheromones that disguise an animal as
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Resting Potential Of Membranes

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Brief table of contents  Why do we need to know what the resting potential is? Components of the resting potential Formation of the resting membrane potential Resting potential and action potential Introduction Why do we need to know what the resting potential is? What is "animal electricity"? Where do bio-currents come from in the body? How can a living cell in an aquatic environment turn into an "electric battery"? - We can answer these questions if we find out how a cell creates an electric potential on the membrane due to the redistribution of electric charges (charged particles - ions) . How does the nervous system work? Where does it all begin? Where does the electricity for nerve impulses come from? - We can also answer these questions if we find out how a nerve cell creates an electric potential for itself on the membrane. So, understanding how the nervous system works begins with understanding how a single nerve cell, a neuron, works. The work of a neuro
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