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Types of pheromones

Classification of pheromones According to their effects, pheromones are divided into two main types: releasers and primers. Releasers  ( eng.  releaser ) encourage the individual to take some immediate action; are used to attract mates, signal danger, and prompt other immediate action. Primers ( eng.  primer ) are used to form certain behavior and influence the development of other individuals: for example, a special pheromone secreted by the queen bee and suppresses the sexual development of other female bees, thus turning them into worker bees. As separate names for some types of pheromones, the following can be given: epagons - sexual attractants ; odmihnions - path marks indicating the way to a hole or to found prey, marks on the boundaries of an individual territory; toribones - pheromones of fear and anxiety ; gonophyons - pheromones that induce sex change ; gamophions - pheromones of puberty; etofion - pheromones of behavior; Lichneumons are pheromones that disguise an animal as
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Spatiotemporal signal propagation in complex networks

Spatiotemporal signal propagation in complex networks A major achievement in the study of complex networks is the realization that diverse systems, from sub-cellular biology to social networks, exhibit universal topological characteristics. Yet, such universality does not naturally translate to the dynamics of these systems, as dynamic behavior cannot be uniquely predicted from topology alone. Rather, it depends on the interplay of the network’s topology with the dynamic mechanisms of interaction between the nodes. Hence, systems with similar structure may exhibit profoundly different dynamic behavior. We therefore seek a general theoretical framework to help us systematically translate topological elements into their predicted dynamic outcome. Here, we offer such a translation in the context of signal propagation, linking the topology of a network to the observed spatiotemporal spread of perturbative signals across it, thus capturing the network’s role in propagating local information
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CELL COMMUNICATION

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  Brief table of contents  Cell Signaling Between separate organisms of the same species Classification In Multicellular Organisms In plants Cell To Cell Signaling in plants Paracrine signaling Synaptic signaling Synaptic signaling Autocrine signaling Endocrine signaling Signaling through cell-cell contact Signaling in plants occurs through plant hormone Signaling in plants occurs through Phytochrome Phytochrome Signaling Mechanisms PLANT PHYTOCHROMES Signaling Receptors The receptor-ligand interaction can be classified as: Overview of Signaling: Key components of the signal transduction pathway What is Signaling? Have you ever become separated from a friend while in a crowd?  You know the challenge of Finding someone when surrounded by hundreds of other people. If you and your friend have Mobile phones, your chances of finding each other are very good. A cell phone’s ability to send and receive messages makes it an ideal communication device. Cell Signaling In biology, cell signalin
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