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Types of pheromones

Classification of pheromones According to their effects, pheromones are divided into two main types: releasers and primers. Releasers  ( eng.  releaser ) encourage the individual to take some immediate action; are used to attract mates, signal danger, and prompt other immediate action. Primers ( eng.  primer ) are used to form certain behavior and influence the development of other individuals: for example, a special pheromone secreted by the queen bee and suppresses the sexual development of other female bees, thus turning them into worker bees. As separate names for some types of pheromones, the following can be given: epagons - sexual attractants ; odmihnions - path marks indicating the way to a hole or to found prey, marks on the boundaries of an individual territory; toribones - pheromones of fear and anxiety ; gonophyons - pheromones that induce sex change ; gamophions - pheromones of puberty; etofion - pheromones of behavior; Lichneumons are pheromones that disguis...
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CELL COMMUNICATION

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  Brief table of contents  Cell Signaling Between separate organisms of the same species Classification In Multicellular Organisms In plants Cell To Cell Signaling in plants Paracrine signaling Synaptic signaling Synaptic signaling Autocrine signaling Endocrine signaling Signaling through cell-cell contact Signaling in plants occurs through plant hormone Signaling in plants occurs through Phytochrome Phytochrome Signaling Mechanisms PLANT PHYTOCHROMES Signaling Receptors The receptor-ligand interaction can be classified as: Overview of Signaling: Key components of the signal transduction pathway What is Signaling? Have you ever become separated from a friend while in a crowd?  You know the challenge of Finding someone when surrounded by hundreds of other people. If you and your friend have Mobile phones, your chances of finding each other are very good. A cell phone’s ability to send and receive messages makes it an ideal communication device. Cell Signaling In biology,...
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Signal transmission paths

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Signal transmission paths Introduction Once the signaling molecule (ligand) of one cell binds to the receptor of another, is the signaling process complete? If we are talking about intracellular receptors that bind their ligand inside the cell and directly activate genes, the answer could be yes. In most cases, however, the answer is no, not at all! In the case of receptors located on the cell membrane, the signal must be transmitted by other molecules within the cell, in a kind of "telephone" game. The chains of molecules that transmit signals within a cell are known as intracellular signal transduction pathways. Here we will see the general characteristics of intracellular signal transduction pathways, as well as some transmission mechanisms commonly used in these pathways. Binding initiates a signaling pathway When a ligand binds to a cell surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain (the region inside the cell) changes in some way. It usually takes on a new f...
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